植保机变量施药鲁棒H∞最优控制

提出了一种基于电控伺服变量柱塞泵的植保机变量施药控制方法,推导并建立了包含参数不确定性和扰动的施药流量模型,设计了鲁棒H∞最优控制器并证明其鲁棒稳定性,并转化为线性矩阵不等式求解控制器参数。本研究弥补了传统优化控制方法对于不确定性反应较为敏感的不足,与传统的线性二次型最优控制相比具有一定的快速性和鲁棒性优势,能够满足复杂作业条件下植保机精准变量施药要求,有效提高了农药利用率。     

俄罗斯与哈萨克斯坦农业支持水平及支持政策比较研究

俄罗斯与哈萨克斯坦是欧亚经济联盟的重要成员国,是丝绸之路经济带上的重要国家,分析两国农业支持水平和支持政策,有助于推动丝绸之路经济带建设与欧亚经济联盟有效对接。本文运用OECD(经济合作与发展组织)政策评价方法通过比较分析俄哈两国农业支持水平和支持政策,发现两国农业支持政策措施相同点多、差异性少。相同点是两国农业总体支持水平均呈上升趋势,对生产者的支持均以直接补贴为主,优惠信贷支持、补贴、税收优惠和价格支持是两国主要政策支持措施。差异性主要体现在支持水平的变化趋势以及支持政策的具体实施上。     

软枣猕猴桃叶片愈伤组织诱导技术的研究

[目的]由于软枣猕猴桃在初代培养中外植体诱导率极低且快繁效果差,因此进行其组织培养技术体系的研究,以期解决其人工种植的难题.[方法]本研究以软枣猕猴桃展叶为外植体,通过采用不同消毒试剂及消毒处理时间,筛选出最佳的灭菌程序;将不同培养基与不同浓度的KT、2,4-D组合,筛选出最佳的初代培养基配方.[结果]选用展叶为外植体,75％CH3CH2OH处理30 s后以10％NaClO处理20 min,0.1％HgCl2处理15 min后无菌水冲洗3～4次,接至pH=5.8的MS+1 mg·L-1 KT+0.5 mg·L-12,4-D+3％白糖+0.55％琼脂培养基上,置于光照2500 lx、8 h·d-1,26℃下培养8 d后有少部分愈伤组织出现,60 d后平均单芽愈伤组织达0.8 g以上,平均单个愈伤组织长度0.7～1.4 cm,属中块愈伤组织.[结论]以本实验得出的愈伤组织培养方法进行培养,可有效提高诱导率,达到快繁的目的.     

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Depolymerized Glycosaminoglycan from Holothuria fuscopunctata,a Novel Anticoagulant Candidate,in Rats by Bioanalytical Methods

dHG-5 (Mw 5.3 kD) is a depolymerized glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata. As a selective inhibitor of intrinsic Xase (iXase), preclinical study showed it was a promising anticoagulant candidate without obvious bleeding risk. In this work, two bioanalytical methods based on the anti-iXase and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prolongation activities were established and validated to determine dHG-5 concentrations in plasma and urine samples. After single subcutaneous administration of dHG-5 at 5, 9, and 16.2 mg/kg to rats, the time to peak concentration (T_max) was at about 1 h, and the peak concentration (C_max) was 2.70, 6.50, and 10.11 μg/mL, respectively. The plasma elimination half-life(T_1/2β) was also about 1 h and dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after s.c. administration. Additionally, the pharmacodynamics of dHG-5 was positively correlated with its pharmacokinetics, as determined by rat plasma APTT and anti-iXase method, respectively. dHG-5 was mainly excreted by urine as the unchanged parent drug and about 60% was excreted within 48 h. The results suggested that dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after subcutaneous injection and the pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 are predictable. Studying pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 could provide valuable information for future clinical studies.     

EPS364, a Novel Deep-Sea Bacterial Exopolysaccharide,Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Growth and Adhesion

The prognosis of liver cancer was inferior among tumors. New medicine treatments are urgently needed. In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide EPS364 was purified from Vibrio alginolyticus 364, which was isolated from a deep-sea cold seep of the South China Sea. Further research showed that EPS364 consisted of mannose, glucosamine, gluconic acid, galactosamine and arabinose with a molar ratio of 5:9:3.4:0.5:0.8. The relative molecular weight of EPS364 was 14.8 kDa. Our results further revealed that EPS364 was a β-linked and phosphorylated polysaccharide. Notably, EPS364 exhibited a significant antitumor activity, with inducing apoptosis, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Huh7.5 liver cancer cells. Proteomic and quantitative real-time PCR analyses indicated that EPS364 inhibited cancer cell growth and adhesion via targeting the FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that EPS364 is a promising antitumor agent for pharmacotherapy.     

土壤调理粉剂处理下茶园土壤重金属污染特征及潜在风险评价

本文以贵州安顺不同土壤调理粉剂处理下“瀑布毛峰”茶园土壤为供试样品,通过样品测试与理化分析,对CK处理(0 kg/hm²)、A处理(600 kg/hm²)、B处理(750 kg/hm²)和C处理(900 kg/hm²)下茶园土壤重金属含量特征及污染水平进行探讨。结果表明：不同土壤调理粉剂处理下,研究区域土壤重金属Cr、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、As和Cd的变异程度各异,且土壤中这8种重金属含量也各不相同,其中pH、Cr、Pb和Ni含量在C处理中最高,As、Hg和Cd含量在A处理中最高,Cu和Zn含量在B处理中最高;对各重金属元素进行相关性分析可知,Ni与Pb之间存在极显著相关性,表明两者之间的同源性极高,其余元素之间相关性特征不明显;由综合污染指数（P_综）得出A处理为轻度污染,CK处理、B处理和C处理均为中度污染,不同处理土壤中Cr均在国家Ⅱ级标准(GB15618—2008)规定范围内,样点达标率为100%,在所选定的污染评价因子中,Cu的贡献率最高,为土壤主要影响因子,其次是Cd和Ni;研究区土壤重金属单项潜在生态风险指数($E_{r}^{i}$)中Hg属于强生态风险,其余7种重金属处于轻微潜在生态风险等级;综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)平均值为196.79,总体处于中等潜在生态风险水平,Hg对RI的贡献率最大,是最主要的生态风险元素。     

辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌生物学特性及抑菌药剂筛选

研究辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌的生物学特性,对病原菌进行室内药剂筛选,旨在为田间病害规律研究和病害防治提供依据。采用紫外分光光度计测定病原菌在不同温度、pH、NaCl浓度下的生长速率。采用滤纸片抑菌圈法对病原菌进行室内药剂筛选试验。结果表明,辣椒细菌性果实条斑病菌最适生长温度为28℃,最适pH 7.0,病原菌的耐盐性为12%。18种供试药剂在药剂推荐使用剂量范围内,四霉素、乙蒜素、77%志信、氯溴异氰尿酸4种药剂对病原菌有抑菌效果,对这4种药剂进行毒力测定,结果表明四霉素的毒力较强,EC₅₀值为11.75 mg/L,毒力强于其他3种试剂,四霉素可作为田间防治药剂的首选。     

斜纹夜蛾Toll受体基因的全基因组分析及其在杀虫剂抗性中的作用

利用公布的斜纹夜蛾基因组对TLRs基因进行全基因组分析,应用生物信息学工具分析斜纹夜蛾TLRs家族基因成员在鳞翅目害虫TLRs基因家族中的进化关系、组织表达特异性,结合转录组数据对农药反应敏感的TLRs进行基因表达及其调控网络进行分析,分析斜纹夜蛾Toll受体基因在杀虫剂抗性中的作用.结果表明:共分析出了7个TLRs基因,斜纹夜的TLRs家族基因与棉铃虫TLRs家族基因同源性较高.7个基因中的1个基因SLTLR3在肠道中高度表达,有5个TLRs基因对农药处理反应敏感.对农药反应敏感的TLRs进行基因表达和其网络进行分析,只发现了1个TLRs(SLTLR7)和其他30个基因之间的存在共表达关系,这些基因主要涉细胞表面受体信号途径、细胞定位、信号传导、细胞调控过程、生物调控过程.     

Screening and Verification of Low Nitrogen Tolerant and Nitrogen Sensitive Cotton Germplasm

[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate nitrogen efficient cotton germplasms and improve nitrogen use efficiency. [Method] Eighty cotton germplasms were selected and evaluated in the hydroponic experiment under low (0.25 mmol·L^－1) and high (5 mmol·L^－1) nitrogen concentration. Different traits for screening were identified and nitrogen use efficiency types were classified. Field experiments were also performed for comparison and confirmation of the identified germplasms. [Result] The results showed that there were significant differences in the total plant dry matter, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency in cotton germplasms at the two nitrogen levels. Based on coefficient of variation, principal component analysis and correlation, six traits including total plant dry matter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total nitrogen accumulation, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency were used as screening indicators. According to the Heatmap clustering analysis and the nitrogen efficiency comprehensive index, two germplasms (Lu05R59 and CCRI 69) were identified as low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient, and two germplasms (Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30) as low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient. The results of field experiment were consistent with the results of the hydroponic culture at the seedling stage. [Conclusion] It was finally determined that Lu05R59 and CCRI 69 were the low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient germplasms, and Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30 were low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient germplasms. The results of these studies provide the possibility for screening and rapid identification of nitrogen use efficiency in cotton at the seedling stage, and provide the ideal materials and theoretical basis for further study of cotton nitrogen efficient.     

MBBR和LSP工艺在污水深度处理中的性能探究

指出了MBBR工艺和LSP工艺属于当前应用较多的新型水处理工艺。当将传统的好氧曝气池改造为MBBR工艺时,改造结果表明:COD降低30.8%,BOD 5降低42.8%,氨氮降低25.0%,总氮降低17.2%,SS降低57.9%,总磷降低26.7%;而LSP工艺通过形成复杂的微生物食物链,消耗剩余污泥量,实现对污泥的减量化处理。应用到改造工程中,产泥量降低67.5%,同时能够强化处理系统的生化功能,COD和BOD 5都有明显降低,分别降低了11.7%和12.1%。